Sample Thickness Research Articles

Electromagnetic absorption properties of FexCoNi magnetic nano particles

The microstructure morphology, static magnetic properties, and electromagnetic absorption characteristics of nano FexCoNi alloy particles prepared by chemical liquid deposition with five different Fe content levels are investigated in this paper. The results show that spherical FexCoNi alloy particles with an average particle size of about 100–200 nm and a face-centered cubic crystal structure were obtained. All five samples exhibited soft magnetic behavior, with the saturation magnetization intensity showing an increasing-then-decreasing trend with increasing Fe content, peaking at 141.8 emu/g for Fe content x = 1.0. The dielectric constants (real and imaginary parts) of the prepared alloy particles exhibit significant differences with respect to the variation of Fe content, while the changes in the real and imaginary parts of the magnetic permeability show less pronounced effects with increasing Fe content. As the electromagnetic wave frequency increases, the real parts of the dielectric constants for all composites show minimal fluctuations, and the real parts of the magnetic permeability exhibit a decreasing trend. Moreover, the imaginary parts of the dielectric constants and magnetic permeability show an increasing followed by a decreasing trend as the frequency rises. The material with Fe content x = 1 demonstrated optimal dielectric loss performance and relatively excellent magnetic loss performance, with a sample thickness of 1.9 mm exhibiting the highest reflection loss (RLmax) of −24.2 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.48 GHz.

Thickness-dependent electronic relaxation dynamics in solution-phase redox-exfoliated MoS2 heterostructures.

Electronic relaxation dynamics of solution-phase redox-exfoliated molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer and multilayer ensembles are described. MoS2 was exfoliated using polyoxometalate (POM) reductants. This process yields a colloidal heterostructure consisting of MoS2 2D sheet multilayers with surface-bound POM complexes. Using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, transient bleaching and photoinduced absorption signals were detected at excitation/detection energies of 1.82/1.87 and 1.82/1.80eV, respectively. Approximate 100-fs bandgap renormalization (BGR) and subsequent defect- and phonon-mediated relaxation on the picosecond timescale were resolved for several MoS2 thicknesses spanning from 1 to 2 L to ∼20 L. BGR rates were independent of sample thickness and slightly slower than observations for chemical vapor deposition-grown MoS2 monolayers. However, defect-mediated relaxation accelerated ∼10-fold with increased sample thicknesses. The relaxation rates increased from 0.33 ± 0.05 to 1.2 ± 0.1 and 3.1 ± 0.4ps-1 for 1-2 L, 3-4 L, and 20 L fractions. The thicknesses-dependent relaxation rates for POM-MoS2 heterostructures were modeled using a saturating exponential function that showed saturation at thirteen MoS2 layers. The results suggest that the increased POM surface coverage leads to larger defect density in the POM-MoS2 heterostructure. These are the first descriptions of the influence of sample thickness on electronic relaxation rates in solution-phase redox-exfoliated POM-MoS2 heterostructures. Outcomes of this work are expected to impact the development of solution-phase exfoliation of 2D metal-chalcogenide heterostructures.

CuS-CuO nanoparticles for antennas collect light through their conductivity by absorbing a single photon located at the wavelength of 254 nm

CuS-CuO nanoparticles were prepared by air annealing as-made CuS nanoparticles deposited using spray pyrolysis. The optical, structural, and morphological properties of samples were investigated by UV–VIS Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The XRD analysis of as-prepared sample include two phases CuS and Cu2S, while annealed films are a mixture of CuS and CuO phases. The dimensions of the CuS crystallites were estimated by Williamson's method on the diffraction peaks (81 nm) while the dimensions of the CuO ones were statistically evaluated via the SEM image (95 nm) and corroborated by Williamson's method on the diffraction peaks (98 nm). SEM study of annealed samples reveals that nanoparticles are monocrystalline. Optical analysis shows more than 80 % transmittance through sample thickness 164 nm in the infrared region and two energy bandgaps of 1.92 and 2.50 eV in the visible region associated with CuO and CuS, respectively. In addition, we observe after several optical excitations that only the UV wavelength of 254 nm gives a tangible electrical response. We understand from the literature that this is only possible through one interpretation of the antenna effect. Optical antennas aim to freely change light rays into local energy. In fact, our sample presents nanoparticles with sizes around 80 nm that show clear absorption through the development of their reproducible resistance that increases with polarization toward saturation after 5 V. Therefore, we propose using prepared nanoparticles in a light-harvesting antenna for artificial photodetector and other optoelectronic applications.

Unraveling the main issues of direct sample printing and sample cutting from a sheet of tensile test samples for characterization of Material Extrusion components

AbstractThis research investigates the influence of varied sample manufacturing strategies on the mechanical properties of Material Extrusion (MatExt) Additive Manufacturing components. Two procedures were investigated: direct sample printing and sample cutting from a sheet. The thickness of the samples was also varied to determine possible differences in the measurements performed. Through a comprehensive analysis involving mechanical testing, optical microscopy, and IR thermography during deposition, the study revealed significant implications of the manufacturing strategy on the thermal history and polymer chain entanglement. The results indicated that Young’s modulus and the tensile strength produced through direct printing differed from that measured on the samples made through sample cutting. At the same time, the elongation at rupture was less influenced by the manufacturing strategy. The sample thickness also influenced the fracture strength; the thicker samples were characterized by a strength of 27.9 MPa, which was higher by 23% than that of the extracted samples.The observed differences in mechanical behavior underscore the critical role of sample manufacturing strategy in determining the final mechanical properties of upright samples. Results shed light on the complex interplay between manufacturing protocols and component performance in MatExt applications.

Finite-size effects in hyperuniform vortex matter.

Novel hyperuniform materials are emerging as an active field of applied and basic research since they can be designed to have exceptional physical properties. This ubiquitous state of matter presents a hidden order that is characterized by the density of constituents of the system being uniform
at large scales, as in a perfect crystal, although they can be isotropic and disordered like a liquid. In the quest for synthesizing hyperuniform materials in experimental conditions, the impact of finite-size effects remains as an open question to be addressed. We use vortex matter in type-II superconductors as a toy model system to study this issue. We previously reported that vortex matter nucleated in samples with point disorder is effectively hyperuniform and thus presents the interesting physical properties inherent to hyperuniform systems. In this work we present experimental evidence that on decreasing the thickness of the vortex system its hyperuniform order is depleted.
By means of hydrodynamic arguments we show that 
the experimentally observed depletion can be associated to two crossovers that we describe within a hydrodynamic approximation. The first crossover length is thickness-dependent and separates a class-II hyperuniform regime at intermediate lengthscales from a regime that can become asymptotically non-hyperuniform for large wavelengths in very thin samples. The second crossover takes place at smaller lengthscales and marks the onset of a faster increase of density fluctuations due to the dispersivity of the elastic constants. Our work points to a novel mechanism of emerging hyperuniformity controlled by the thickness of the host sample, an issue that has to be taken into account when growing hyperuniform structures for technological applications.

A study into how thickness, infrared intensity, and airflow affect drying kinetics, modeling, activation energy, and quality attributes of apple slices using infrared dryer.

Drying is a widely recognized process that reduces the need for storage and shipping weight, keeps free water out of the product, and prolongs its shelf life. An infrared dryer was designed to dry apples under different drying conditions. Apple slices of 6-, 4-, and 2-mm thicknesses were dried at intensities 0.130, 0.225, and 0.341W/cm2 and airflow 1.0, 0.5, and 1.5m/s. The dehydrating period was prolonged with higher airflow and shortened with higher infrared intensity (IR). The shortest dehydrating period was verified by 190min at 0.341W/cm2, 0.5m/s under 2mm thickness. Increasing the sample thickness from 2 to 4 mm and then to 6mm resulted in an 84% and 192% increase in drying time, respectively. Dehydrated apples had water activity values ranging from 0.30 to 0.40. The shrinkage ratio increased with an increase in infrared radiation intensity. However, it decreased with an increase in air velocity, while the rehydration ratio decreased with an increase in radiation intensity and increased with an increase in air velocity. Regarding total color change, apple slice thickness was a major factor. The effective diffusivities varied between 2.6 and 9.0 𝗑10-10 m2/s under different drying conditions. The dehydrating curves of apples were best described by the model developed by Midilli etal.

Enhancing the microwave absorption performance of graphite/Al2O3 composites through manipulating sheet resistance

AbstractThe graphite/Al2O3 composite was prepared using plasma spray technology, the material design, experimental methods, and process flow are introduced. The microstructure, chemical composition, and complex permittivity of the composite are investigated, and its performance to absorb electromagnetic waves is studied. The mechanism of interaction between chemical composition, microstructure, complex permittivity, and absorption performance is analyzed. Furthermore, a microwave absorber composed of graphite/Al2O3 and sheet resistance, and performance is discussed. The reflectivity of the composite coating with different periods and sizes and resistances is analyzed. The impedance and reflectivity of the designed absorber that contains sheet resistance are discussed, and its absorption mechanism is explained in detail. The results demonstrate that the microwave absorption performance of graphite/Al2O3 coating is enhanced by electromagnetic resonance of the sheet resistance. The designed absorber exhibits good wave‐absorbing performance and stability at the frequency of the 8.2–18 GHz range. When the sample thickness is 2.3 mm, the absorber achieves a reflection loss (RL) value of −16.8 dB at 9.8 GHz and a wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 9.8 GHz. It means that the RL below −10 dB can be obtained in the whole X band and Ku bands. These results proved that the EAB can be tuned and enhanced by manipulating sheet resistance.

Influences of parameters of film on acoustical absorption performance of copper film-copper fiber composite structure

Fiber porous materials excel at sound absorption, but their effectiveness suffers at thin thicknesses. This study proposed a novel copper film-copper fiber porous material (FFM) structure to overcome this limitation. We designed a composite material with improved sound absorption, by coating a thin copper film onto an existing copper fiber matrix. This innovative approach enables effective sound absorption when the sample thickness is small. Our analysis revealed that FFM structures are better than the individual copper film and fiber porous material regarding sound absorption, particularly near their resonance frequency. Notably, a 2 mm-thick FFM structure boasts an average sound absorption coefficient of 0.35, a remarkable fourfold increase compared to the individual copper fiber matrix (0.08). The further investigation explores the influence of copper film thickness and bond area percentage on acoustic performance. We successfully validate our simulation model against experimental data, enabling us to calculate energy consumption ratios for various design parameters. This provides research ideas for optimizing FFM structures for specific noise reduction applications.

A Study on Simultaneous Measurement of Partial Discharge in Epoxy Resin Insulator using IMC and Rogowski Coil

In practice, field measurement of partial discharge is easily suffered by interferences due to the noisy signal has been mixed with the resulting partial discharge signal. Therefore, the detection and measurement of PD are important to monitor the insulation life in high voltage (HV) power equipment. The paper presents the simultaneous measurement of partial discharge (PD) pulse parameters using the impedance matching circuit and the Rogowski coil sensor to study the features of partial discharge on the epoxy resin insulator. Two different thicknesses of samples were used to observe the PD pulse parameters with the voltage applied vary depending on the thickness of the sample to attain constant electric field intensity for both samples. The step response parameters resulted from the measurement can be used as a time domain features to discriminate various types of PD in HV power equipment. Thus, the PD can be observed clearly, maintenance can be performed, and the performance of the power system can be improved.

Growth and characterization of 6LiI:Ag crystal scintillators for thermal and epithermal neutron detection on the lunar surface

This paper discusses crystal growth and characterization of 1.0-inch 6LiI:Ag scintillators for thermal and epithermal neutron detection on the lunar surface as part of the Lunar Vehicle Radiation Dosimeter project. Zone purification method was employed to purify the raw material of 6LiI, and the crystals were grown using the Bridgman method. X-ray luminescence spectrum was measured to confirm the presence of Ag+ in the crystal lattice of 6LiI. The feasibility of neutron detection under 252Cf fast neutron irradiation was investigated. A hydrogen-rich paraffin wax moderator was used to slow down fast neutrons to obtain thermal and epithermal neutrons. The charge comparison method was used to perform pulse shape discrimination. The maximum value of the Figure of Merit was obtained to be 1.3, which demonstrates the capability of using 6LiI:Ag crystal scintillators in high neutron and gamma mixed fields. The energy resolution of the thermal neutron peak varied with the thickness of scintillators, achieving 12.0 % for the 0.5 cm thick samples. The potential for further improvement of the scintillation performance of 6LiI:Ag crystal relies on reducing impurities and color centers.

The effect of the irrigation solutions on dentin organic components: Pilot study

INTRODUCTION. Tooth decay and its complications are prevalent dental issues among adults. Endodontic treatment is the standard of care for complicated caries, specifically pulpitis and periodontitis. Endodontic irrigants, which are placed in the root canal lumen for a specific duration, can affect the intracanal dentin structure (organic and inorganic substances) in various ways. The use of polyhexanide-based antiseptic products in endodontics is a promising idea to overcome microbial resistance and minimize microbial-related endodontic treatment failures.AIM. The aim of this study is to investigate the qualitative impact of standard irrigation solutions and a polyhexanide-based composition on the collagen matrix of dentin.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study investigated the effect of nine solutions on the dentin of the tooth root. Twelve intact maxillary third molars extracted for orthodontic reasons were taken for the study. The teeth were fixed in a 10% neutral formalin solution for at least one day and were decalcinated. 5–10 μm thick sample sections were made and stained with picrosirius (Picrosirius Red, Biovitrum, Russia) before being examined under polarized light. The histological slice was analyzed using a Carl Zeiss (Germany) software and hardware complex based on ZEN v3.0 and light microscope Axioimager M.1. All microphotos were loaded into the Fiji distribution program of ImageJ for microscopy pixel classification.RESULTS. Upon analysis of the diagrams, it appears that there is a lower amount and density of stained dentin collagen array after exposure to sodium hypochlorite solutions of 3% and 1.5%, as well as polyhexanide.CONCLUSIONS. The data obtained from the histogram analyzer of samples stained with picrosirius suggests that polyhexanide may have a qualitative effect on the organic structure of hard tissues, particularly collagen.

Response Surface Optimization of Refractance Window Drying of Bitter Gourd Slices

This study was conducted to investigate the drying behavior of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) slices in a refractance window dryer. Various drying parameters such as water temperature (70, 80 and 90 °C), sample thickness (1, 2 and 3 mm) and blanching time (2, 3 and 4 min) were investigated for their effects on drying time, dehydration ratio and color change. Out of the 18 experimental runs determined by the Box Behnken design, six central experiments, often referred to as center points, were specifically chosen to assess the reliability of results. Four different empirical models viz. Exponential, Henderson and Pabis, Page's, and Power law model were selected based on their established applicability in similar studies, and fitted to the kinetics data of refractance window drying of bitter gourd. Adequacy of fit was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2 ) and standard error of estimate (SEE). Page’s model demonstrated an excellent fit to the experimental drying data with a higher R2 value of 0.996 and correspondingly lower SEE of 0.0217 compared to the other three models. Furthermore, the drying process parameters were optimized for the responses using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The best values (within the chosen range) of water temperature, sample thickness and blanching time were found to be 90 °C, 1 mm and 4 min, respectively at desirability value of 0.889. At above condition of water temperature (90 °C), sample thickness (1 mm) and blanching time (4 min), the predicted values for the drying time, dehydration ratio and color change were found to be 52.2 min, 9.7 and 55.25, respectively. The findings of this study will be useful for refractance window drying of bitter gourd in particular and for high moisture foods in general.

Magnetic anisotropy driven by ligand in 4d transition-metal oxide SrRuO3

The origin of magnetic anisotropy in magnetic compounds is a longstanding issue in materials science, and nonmagnetic ligand ions are considered to contribute little to magnetic anisotropy. Here, we introduce the concept of ligand-driven magnetic anisotropy in a complex transition-metal oxide. We conducted x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopies at the Ru and O edges in the 4d ferromagnetic metal SrRuO3. Systematic variation of the sample thickness in the range of ≤10 nm allowed us to control the localization of Ru 4d t2g states, which affects the magnetic coupling between the Ru and O ions. We observe that the orbital magnetic moment of the ligand O 2p orbitals induced through the charge transfer to the Ru 4d t2g states becomes anisotropic first, and the anisotropic magnetic moment of Ru and, therefore, the entire system is induced via magnetic coupling between Ru 4d and O 2p orbitals.

Self-catalysed frontal polymerisation enables fast and low-energy processing of fibre reinforced polymer composites

Frontal polymerisation has the potential to bring unprecedented reductions in energy demand and process time to produce fibre reinforced polymer composites. Production of epoxy-based fibre reinforced polymer parts with high fibre volume content, commonly encountered in industry, is however hindered by the heat sink created by the fibres and the mould, overcoming the heat output of the chemical reaction, thus preventing front propagation. We propose a novel self-catalysed frontal polymerisation manufacturing method based on the integration of thin resin channels in thermal contact with the composite stack as a strategy for low-energy production of high fibre volume fraction polymer composites without the need for a continuous energy input. Frontal polymerisation inside the resin channel proceeds faster and preheats the fabric stack, thus catalysing the process. Parts with up to 60% fibre content are successfully produced independently of the sample thickness. Fillers added within the resin channels provide means to tailor the frontal polymerisation process kinetics. The parts have a significantly higher glass transition temperature than those produced in a conventional oven, and comparable mechanical properties while energy consumption is reduced by over 99.5%.

Aberration correction for deformable-mirror-based remote focusing enables high-accuracy whole-cell super-resolution imaging

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) enables three-dimensional (3D) investigation of nanoscale structures in biological samples, offering unique insights into their organization. However, traditional 3D super-resolution microscopy using high numerical aperture (NA) objectives is limited by imaging depth of field (DOF), restricting their practical application to relatively thin biological samples. Here, we developed a unified solution for thick sample super-resolution imaging using a deformable mirror (DM) which served for fast remote focusing, optimized point spread function (PSF) engineering, and accurate aberration correction. By effectively correcting the system aberrations introduced during remote focusing and sample aberrations at different imaging depths, we achieved high-accuracy, large DOF imaging ( ∼8  μm ) of the whole-cell organelles [i.e., nuclear pore complex (NPC), microtubules, and mitochondria] with a nearly uniform resolution of approximately 35 nm across the entire cellular volume.

Optimization of the extrusion parameters for the production of lentil-quinoa extrudates enriched with pumpkin.

This study aimed to develop a protein-fiber-rich extruded product based on yellow lentil, quinoa, and pumpkin flours. The final product quality is affected by formulation and extrusion parameters. Therefore, the effect of the pumpkin-flour ratio (A: 25-75%) and feed moisture content (C: 14-22%) besides barrel screw speed (B: 120-180 rpm) on the physical attributes of extrudates was investigated. Box-Behnken experimental design and stepwise-response surface method were used to analyze the effects of various process variables and ingredients on extrudates. The pumpkin-flour ratio had a significant positive correlation with bulk density (BD), water solubility index (WSI), and oil absorption index. Whereas the correlation between pumpkin-flour ratio with hardness, porosity, expansion ratio (ER), and water absorption index (WAI) was negative (P < 0.05). The feed moisture content positively affected the water activity (aw) and WAI and negatively affected the harness of samples (P < 0.05). The screw speed had a positive effect on ER, porosity, and WSI, whereas it negatively influenced the hardness, BD, and aw. By increasing the pumpkin-flour ratio, air cell size and wall thickness of samples had been decreased. The results showed that 44.2% pumpkin flour, 22% feed moisture, and 172.1 rpm screw speed gave an optimized product. There was no significant difference between predicted and experimental values (except for ER). The optimized snack was a good source of fiber (around 15%), protein (17.3%), and antioxidants (TPC = 15.28 mg GAE.g-1 and antiradical scavenging activity (DPPH) = 33.66%). The caloric value of the optimized snack was 362.6 cal.100g-1. The current formulation can be considered as the base of snack food or plant-based meat alternatives.

Influence of Layer Thickness and Shade on the Transmission of Light through Contemporary Resin Composites.

Material-dependent parameters have an important impact on the efficiency of light polymerization. The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the influence of the increment thickness and shade of nano- and nanohybrid resin composites on the transmission of curing light. Three contemporary resin composites were evaluated: Tetric EvoCeram® (TEC); Venus Diamond® (VD); and Filtek Supreme XTE® (FS XTE). Light transmission (LT) was recorded in accordance with the sample thickness (0.5 to 2.7 mm) and the shade. Polymerized samples were irradiated for 10 s each using the high-power LED curing light Celalux 2 (1900 mW/cm2). LT was simultaneously recorded using the MARC Patient Simulator (MARC-PS). LT was strongly influenced by the composite layer thickness. For 0.5 mm-thick samples, a mean power density of 735 mW/cm2 was recorded at the bottom side. For the 2.7 mm samples, a mean power density of 107 mW/cm2 was measured. Only LT was markedly reduced in the case of darker shades. From A1 to A4, LT decreased by 39.3% for FS XTE and 50.8% for TEC. Dentin shades of FS XTE and TEC (A2, A4) showed the lowest LT. The thickness and shade of resin composite increments strongly influences the transmission of curing light. More precise information about these parameters should be included in the manufacture manual.

Enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption in YAG-modified SiC foam

Electromagnetic technology applications are escalating, leading to increased human exposure to electromagnetic radiation. In addressing the challenges posed by this radiation, electromagnetic wave absorbing materials stand out due to their distinguished properties. This study focused on developing porous fibrous SiC three-dimensional (3D) foams. These were synthesized by freeze-drying SiC nanofiber dispersions followed by high-temperature sintering. Measurements demonstrated that the resulting SiC foams possess a relatively low density, approximating 0.1 g cm−3. Upon microscopic analysis, it became evident that the foam's porous structure is predominantly made up of SiC fibers intermixed with yttrium aluminum garnet granules. These tailored SiC foams delivered outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics, recording a minimum reflection loss value of −63 dB. Furthermore, an expansive effective absorption bandwidth of 6.9 GHz (spanning from 9.3 to 16.2 GHz) was noted for a sample thickness of 3.15 mm. Several factors contribute to this high absorption efficacy, including multiple reflections and both interface and dipole polarizations. It is also worth noting that the SiC foam displayed commendable oxidation resistance when exposed to elevated temperatures. Cumulatively, these findings underscore the promising potential of porous fibrous SiC 3D foams in electromagnetic wave absorption applications, especially in extreme conditions.

Nanocarbon/Co3O4/Epoxy Composites for Microwave Shielding and Absorption

The epoxy composite materials (CMs) with a random distribution of nanosized Co3O4 and carbon nanoparticles (graphite nanoplatelets GNP and carbon nanotubes CNT) are fabricated. Complex permittivity, permeability, and shielding properties of composite materials with 30 wt% of Co3O4 and (2–5) wt% of nanocarbon are measured in the frequency range of 1–67 GHz using the transmission–reflection method. A significant increase of microwave permittivity and presence of several peaks on the dependencies of the imaginary part of permittivity on the frequency are found for three‐phase nanocarbon/Co3O4/epoxy CMs. The observed microwave shielding efficiency of three‐phase epoxy composites is enhanced compared to two‐phase nanocarbon–epoxy composites. Such enhancement of shielding efficiency correlates with the increase of DC conductivity of these three‐phase composites. The measured complex permittivity and permeability spectra for nanocarbon/Co3O4/epoxy CMs are used for modeling the reflection loss for studied composites. It is shown that the most preferable for microwave absorption is the composites containing 2 wt% of nanocarbon filler for a sample thickness of 0.5–0.7 mm. The highest reflection loss  = 30 dB with an absorption bandwidth of 15 GHz is found for epoxy composite filled with 2 wt% of GNP and 30 wt% of Co3O4 for a sample thickness of 0.5 mm.

A non-beam-based Doppler broadening of positron annihilation radiation (DBAR) spectrometer for a single piece of micron-thickness film

Doppler broadening of positron annihilation radiation (DBAR) spectroscopy is a critical technique to provide electronic momentum information of materials. For conventional non-beam-based DBAR experiments, due to the continuous distribution of initial kinetic energy (0-545 keV) of positrons from 22Na source, two pieces of identical samples with sufficient thickness (> 1 mm for each sample with a density of 1 g/cm3) are required to stop almost all positrons in the samples. However, in many film studies, it is difficult or even impossible to meet this sample thickness requirement. In this work, judging by the output signals of a specially designed anticoincidence detector, the annihilation of positrons in a film sample and positron source are selectively collected. Furthermore, a new method is proposed to correct high-proportioned source components. Based on this, for the first time, a non-beam-based DBAR spectrometer was developed for a single piece of micron-thickness film. This approach will drastically broaden the application of DBAR spectroscopy in film characterization in future.